Automatic thoughts that arise from this form of thinking, when a mistake is made might be, “I always mess everything up. 6 All-or-Nothing ThinkingĪll-or-nothing thinking refers to seeing the world in dichotomous, absolute, black-or-white terms. Some examples of automatic thoughts and their corresponding cognitive distortions as listed below. Types and Examples of Automatic Negative Thoughts David Burns’s 1980 best-selling book, Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy, massively popularized the concept of automatic negative thoughts and the cognitive distortions from which they arise. Beck suggested that “negative automatic thoughts, generated by dysfunctional beliefs, were the cause of depressive symptoms, and not vice versa.” 4 According to Beck, maladaptive self-schema, or dysfunctional mental, emotional, bodily, and attitudinal patterns developed in early life, affect a person at core levels, and dysfunctional patterns can become triggered due to adverse life events, leading to negative thoughts. Aaron Beck’s work on the cognitive theory of depression first emphasized the key role of negative thoughts on depression. After a person experiences a stressful event, the way that a person processes information may lead to the development of automatic negative thoughts. 1 Automatic thoughts are “predominantly automatic… involuntary and hard to inhibit.” 2 They are reflexive and often evade conscious control or scrutiny. According to the cognitive model of therapy, automatic negative thoughts are self-statements influenced by negative underlying core beliefs and include negative thoughts about oneself, perceived threats from others, and the future.
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